RNA binding by the glucocorticoid receptor attenuates dexamethasone-induced gene activation (Scientific Reports)
June 9, 2023
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates a suite of genes through direct binding of GR to specific DNA promoter elements. GR also interacts with RNA, but the function of this RNA-binding activity remains elusive. Current models speculate that RNA could repress the transcriptional activity of GR. To investigate the function of the GR-RNA interaction on GR's transcriptional activity, we generated cells that stably express a mutant of GR with reduced RNA binding affinity and treated the cells with the GR agonist dexamethasone. Changes in the dexamethasone-driven transcriptome were quantified using 4-thiouridine labeling of RNAs followed...Read more »
Multi-range ERK responses shape the proliferative trajectory of single cells following oncogene induction (Cell Reports)
March 14, 2023
Oncogene-induced senescence is a phenomenon in which aberrant oncogene expression causes non-transformed cells to enter a non-proliferative state. Cells undergoing oncogenic induction display phenotypic heterogeneity, with some cells senescing and others remaining proliferative. The causes of heterogeneity remain unclear. We studied the sources of heterogeneity in the responses of human epithelial cells to oncogenic BRAF V600E expression. We found that a narrow expression range of BRAF V600E generated a wide range of activities of its downstream effector ERK. In population-level and single-cell assays, ERK activity displayed a non-monotonic relationship to proliferation, with intermediate ERK activities leading to maximal proliferation. We...Read more »
Intracellular Crowding by Bio-Orthogonal Hydrogel Formation Induces Reversible Molecular Stasis (Advanced Materials)
June 7, 2022
To survive extreme conditions, certain animals enter a reversible protective stasis through vitrification of the cytosol by polymeric molecules such as proteins and polysaccharides. In this work, synthetic gelation of the cytosol in living cells is used to induce reversible molecular stasis. Through the sequential lipofectamine-mediated transfection of complementary poly(ethylene glycol) macromers into mammalian cells, intracellular crosslinking occurs through bio-orthogonal strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition click reactions. This achieves efficient polymer uptake with minimal cell death (99% viable). Intracellular crosslinking decreases DNA replication and protein synthesis, and increases the quiescent population by 2.5-fold. Real-time tracking of single cells containing intracellular crosslinked polymers...Read more »
Stress granules promote chemoresistance by triggering cellular quiescence (bioRxiv)
Feb. 22, 2022
Cells respond to cellular stress by forming stress granules, molecular condensates containing non-translating messenger ribonucleoproteins. Stress granules form during chemotherapy and promote cell survival and chemoresistance, although the mechanism of this effect is not understood. We provide several lines of evidence that stress granules enhance cell survival by promoting cellular quiescence. First, we see a correlation between spontaneous stress granule formation and cell-cycle exit under non-stress conditions. Second, cells deficient in proteins required for stress granule formation (G3BP1/2) are less likely to exit the cell cycle under non-stress, stress, and chemotherapeutic conditions. Third, rescuing stress granule formation in G3BP1/2 knockout...Read more »
Visualizing the metazoan proliferation-quiescence decision in vivo (eLife)
Dec. 22, 2020
Cell proliferation and quiescence are intimately coordinated during metazoan development. Here, we adapt a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) sensor to uncouple these key events of the cell cycle in Caenorhabditis elegans and zebrafish through live-cell imaging. The CDK sensor consists of a fluorescently tagged CDK substrate that steadily translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to increasing CDK activity and consequent sensor phosphorylation. We show that the CDK sensor can distinguish cycling cells in G1 from quiescent cells in G0, revealing a possible commitment point and a cryptic stochasticity in an otherwise invariant C. elegans cell lineage. Finally, we...Read more »